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Decision Making Processing

How do we make snap decisions under pressure? How do we choose to cheat in a game?

This research line uses the possibilities of virtual reality and brain imaging to model human decision-making in difficult conditions


Uijong Ju has started a series of experiments, in which we are trying to link personality aspects to decision-making during accident situations in driving. Since it is impossible to conduct controlled experiments in real life on how people react during accident situations, we are using virtual reality to create accident situations, observing how people decide and then trying to predict their decision from a variety of personality-related measures. An initial pilot study published in IEEE VR 2016 has shown that it is possible to predict decision-making in a sudden, unexpected accident situation from aspects such as psychopathy and empathy to some degree (Ju et al., 2016). This was expanded in two follow-up studies, one using two large population samples in Germany and Korea (Ju et al., 2019, where he showed that psychopathy was a significant predictor of the decision-making process), and another using a sacrificing-decision similar to the famous trolley problem (Ju et al., 2019b, in which impulsivity and psychopathy turned out to be predictive factors).   



Peoples' risk-taking behavior varies from timid and careful, low-risk individuals to bold and careless, high-risk individuals. Can we use EEG to predict who is who? In a study by Yiyu Chen, the balloon analogue risk task (BART) is used in an EEG experiment in order to find out potential correlates in the EEG signal that allow us to distinguish high risk-takers from low risk-takers. Specifically, we examine the feedback-related negativity components (FRN) in the EEG spectrum and ERP components as potential candidates for such a distinction. Using a sample of 17 participants, we find a reliable, larger FRN for risk avoiders as well as increased delta and theta power in several central electrode sites. These results represent the first step towards robust bio-markers of risk-taking behavior.



In another set of experiments, Yiyu Chen is looking at using EEG to investigate higher-level decision-making in a game situation. For this, we have implemented a two-person setup, in which both players’ brain activity is simultaneously measured using two synchronized EEG systems. This experiment is ongoing.   

Publications

  1. • U. Ju, J. Kang and C. Wallraven. Testing intuitive decision-making in VR: personality traits predict decisions in an accident situation. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality (IEEE VR2016), IEEE, 2016.

  2. • U. Ju, J. Kang and C. Wallraven. To brake or not to brake? Personality traits predict decision-making in an accident situation. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019.

  3. • U. Ju, J. Kang and C. Wallraven. You or Me? Personality Traits Predict Sacrificial Decisions in an Accident Situation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2019.

  4. • Y. Chen and C. Wallraven. Pop or not? EEG-correlates of risk-taking behavior in the balloon analogue risk task. In Proceedings of the 5th International Winter Conference on Brain Computer Interfaces, IEEE, 2017.

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